Histaphen 5 mg/5 ml

INDICATIONS

Promethazine Hydrochloride is indicated in-

Potent long-acting antihistamine with additional anti-emetic and sedative/calming effects.
Indicated in symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions of the respiratory tract and skin.
Sensitization reactions to drug or foreign proteins, anaphylactic reactions.
For sedation, allergic rhinitis, urticaria and insomnia.
As an adjunct in pre-operative sedation in surgery and obstetrics.
As a paediatric sedative

PHARMACOLOGY

Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative which blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain. It exhibits strong α-adrenergic blocking effect and depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones. It competes with histamine for the H1-receptor; muscarinic blocking effect may be responsible for antiemetic activity. It also reduces stimuli to the brainstem reticular system.Promethazine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical effects are apparent within 20 minutes after oral administration and generally last four to six hours, although they may persist as long as 12 hours. Promethazine is metabolized by the liver to a variety of compounds; the sulfoxides of promethazine and N-demethylpromethazine are the predominant metabolites appearing in the urine.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION

Oral dose-Adults: Initial dose one 25 mg tablet at night; may be increased to two or three 25 mg tablets at night if necessary. In allergic conditions more frequently administration, twice or three times daily, may be necessary, starting with one or two 10 mg tablets and increasing as required.Elderly: No specific dosage recommendations. Children: They may be treated more conveniently by the elixir containing 5 mg/5 ml. As an antihistamine in allergy:

Children of 2-5 years: 5-15 mg
Children of 5-10 years: 10-25 mg
In the case where two doses in 24 hours are required, the lower dose stated should be given.

As a sedative:

Children of 2-5 years: 15-20 mg
Children of 5-10 years: 20-25 mg
Given as a single night-time dose

Parenteral dose-

Adult: 25-50 mg by deep intramuscular injection or, in emergency, by slow intravenous injection after dilution of the 2.5% solution to 10 times its volume with water for injection. The maximum parenteral dose is 100 mg.
Children: 5-10 years: 6.25 to 12.5 mg by deep I.M. Injection

INTERACTION

Promethazine Hydrochloride may enhance the action of any anticholinergic agent, tricyclic antidepressant, sedative or hypnotic, Alcohol should be avoided during drug treatment.
Phenergan may interfere with immunologic urine pregnancy tests to produce false-positive or false-negative results.
Phenergan should be discontinued at least 72 hours before the start of skin tests using allergen extracts as it may inhibit the cutaneous histamine response thus producing false-negative results.

SIDE EFFECTS

Nervous system disorders: Frequency Unknown: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome the elderly are particularly susceptible to the anticholinergic efects and confusion due to Promethazine, somnolence, dizziness, headaches, extrapyramidal efects including muscle spasm, tic-like movements of the head and face. A very serious and sometimes deadly health problem called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) may happen. Stop treatment and call your doctor right away if you have high fever, muscle cramps or stifness, dizziness, very bad headache, fast heartbeat, confusion, agitation, hallucinations, or are sweating a lot.
Immune System Disorders- Frequency unknown: Allergic reactions, including urticaria, rash, pruritus, and anaphylaxis, have been reported.
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders- Frequency unknown: Photosensitivity reaction
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders- Frequency unknown: Anorexia
Gastrointestinal Disorders- Frequency unknown: Epigastric discomfort, dry mouth
Eye Disorders- Frequency unknown: Blurred vision
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders- Frequency unknown: Blood dyscrasias including hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis
Renal and Urinary Disorders- Frequency unknown: Urinary retention
Psychiatric Disorders- Frequency unknown: Infants, newborns and premature are susceptible to the anticholinergic efects of promethazine, while other children may display paradoxical hyperexcitability, restlessness, nightmares, disorientation
Cardiac Disorders- Frequency unknown: Palpitations, arrhythmias
Vascular disorders- Frequency unknown: Hypotension
Hepatobiliary disorders- Frequency unknown: Jaundice
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions- Frequency unknown: Tiredness

Use this drug only as recommended. Do not exceed the recommended dose. There have been case reports of promethazine abuse. Do not take for longer than 10 days.

PREGNANCY & LACTATION

There is epidemiological evidence for the safety of promethazine in pregnancy and animal studies have shown no hazard, nevertheless, it should not be used in pregnancy unless the physician considers it essential. The use of Phenergan is not recommended in the two weeks prior to delivery in view of the risk of irritability and excitement in the neonate. When promethazine has been given in high doses during late pregnancy, promethazine has caused prolonged neurological disturbances in the infant. Promethazine should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefts to the patient are weighed against the possible risk to the fetus. Promethazine is excreted in breastmilk. There are risks of neonatal irritability and excitement.

PRECAUTIONS & WARNINGS

The use of promethazine should be avoided in children and adolescents with signs and symptoms suggestive of Reye’s syndrome.
Promethazine may thicken or dry lung secretions and impair expectoration. It should therefore be used with caution in patients with asthma, bronchitis or bronchiectasis.
Use with care in patients with severe coronary artery disease.
Use with care in patients with narrow angle glaucoma.
Use with care in patients with epilepsy.
Use with care in patients with hepatic insufciency.
Use with care in patients with renal insufciency.
Caution should be exercised in patients with bladder neck obstruction.
Caution should be exercised in patients with pyloro-duodenal obstruction.

THERAPEUTIC CLASS

Anti-emetic drugs, Miscellaneous sedatives & hypnotics, Sedating Anti-histamine

STORAGE CONDITIONS

Protect from light. Do not use later than the date of expiry. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician